Today the VFD is perhaps the most common type of output or load for a control system. As applications are more complicated the VFD has the ability to control the acceleration of the motor, the direction the engine shaft is turning, the torque the engine provides to lots and any other engine parameter that can be sensed. These VFDs are also available in smaller sized sizes that are cost-effective and take up less space.
The arrival of advanced microprocessors has allowed the VFD works as an exceptionally versatile device that not merely controls the speed of the engine, but protects against overcurrent during ramp-up and ramp-down conditions. Newer VFDs provide ways of braking, power improve during ramp-up, and a variety of controls during ramp-down. The largest cost savings that the VFD provides is certainly that it can make sure that the motor doesn’t pull excessive current when it begins, so the overall demand factor for the whole factory can be controlled to keep the utility bill as low as possible. This feature by itself can provide payback more than the price of the VFD in under one year after buy. It is important to remember that with a normal motor starter, they will draw locked-rotor amperage (LRA) if they are beginning. When the locked-rotor amperage happens across many motors in a manufacturing plant, it pushes the electrical demand too high which frequently results in the plant paying a penalty for every one of the electricity consumed during the billing period. Because the penalty may end up being just as much as 15% to 25%, the financial savings on a $30,000/month electric costs can be used to justify the buy VFDs for practically every electric motor in the plant even if the application form may not require operating at variable speed.
This usually limited the size of the motor that could be controlled by a frequency plus they were not commonly used. The initial VFDs utilized linear amplifiers to control all aspects of the VFD. Jumpers and dip switches were used provide ramp-up (acceleration) and ramp-down (deceleration) features by switching larger or smaller resistors into circuits with capacitors to create different slopes.
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